Nine-banded armadillo

Nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) are a species of mammal native to the southern United States, and Florida is no exception. Armadillos in Florida are found in many areas, from the Everglades to urban regions. These animals have adapted to a wide variety of habitats, from wetlands and forests to grasslands and scrubs. They can be seen foraging for food during the day or night, and their burrows provide them with shelter from predators. In addition to their unique physical traits such as their hard shell, armadillos also play an important role in controlling insect populations. As such, they are an important part of Florida’s natural environment.
Unfortunately, many people villainize armadillos who root around their yards. Since they enjoy, worms and insects brought to the surface through moist soil, a wet yard attracts them. Preventing overwatering can deter them. If you must water, do so in the morning so the top layer can dry during the day. This will make them less likely to come around at night. You can also use a fence to exclude them. Ensure the fence extends at least 18 inches into the ground to prevent digging. A few small changes can help us coexist with our native wildlife.
Photo Credit: Aymee Laurain
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Eastern Phoebe

The Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe) is a small flycatcher with a short, thin bill that is used for catching insects. It is a plump little songbird with a brownish-gray color, a white belly, and a head as the darkest part. Birds with their fall plumage appear faint yellow on the belly and whitish edging on the folded wing feathers.
Eastern Phoebes breed in wooded areas, generally near water sources. Their chosen nesting sites are typically human-built structures such as overhanging decks and bridges. They could nest on woody understory vegetation; it was possible that they chose this type of vegetation to become less visible or to provide perches near the nest for the adults. During winter they can be found in deciduous woods. They have an extensive range from parts of Canada to the eastern parts of the U.S. and parts of Mexico. Florida is part of their non-breeding habitat.
The Eastern Phoebe’s diet mainly consists of flying insects such as butterflies, wasps, flies, and cicadas. They will also eat spiders, ticks, millipedes, and occasionally, small fruits or seeds. When hunting they will be on alert on a low perch often twitching their tails when prey is spotted. They will quickly leave their perch on quick wingbeats. After they catch their food, they often return to the same or nearby perch.
Rarely seen in groups, even mated pairs spend little time together. Males are territorial and will defend their territory from others Eastern Phoebes, though they do tolerate other species. This species is of low conservation concern because their population increases as people spread across landscapes building human-made structures used by these birds.
Photo Credit: Dan Kon
Author: Destiny Alvarez – Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, University of Oregon
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5th Grade Lesson Plan Alligators Florida’s Prehistoric Predators

Click files below to download:

LESSON PLAN

POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

POWERPOINT PDF PRESENTATION

ANSWERS TO WORKSHEET

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Pied-billed Grebe

The Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus Podiceps) is common across the U.S. The breeding range consists of some northern parts of the U.S. and some southern parts of Canada. They can be found year-round in the U.S., Mexico, the Caribbean Islands, and most of southern South America. They have compact bodies with virtually no tails and slender necks. Their heads are blocky with short, thick bills. They measure about 11.8-15.0 inches with a wingspan of 17.7-24.4 inches and weigh about 8.9-20.0 oz. The Pied-billed Grebe is brown, with slightly darker plumage above and tawny-brown plumage on their underparts. During spring and summer, the crown and nape are dark, with a black throat. When breeding, the bill is whitish with a black band in the middle but is yellow-brown otherwise. Juveniles have striped faces.
Habitat types include freshwater wetlands, wet fields, bays, sloughs, marshes, lakes, slow-moving rivers, and sewage ponds. Pied-billed grebes forage in the water among aquatic plants and beneath mats of floating vegetation. This water bird generally dives for food and occasionally plucks insects from foliage, the water’s surface, or the air. They are opportunistic feeders and will consume a wide variety of prey items, large and small, though they mainly eat crustaceans and small fish, crushing them with their stout bills and strong jaws. To escape danger by “crash-diving,” making a splash by plunging in the water with head and tail raised above the belly. They can also dive headfirst, or sink quietly out of view leaving no trace. Another cool behavior that they display to avoid danger is by submerging, crocodile-style, just showing their eyes and nostrils above water.
This bird needs a long running-flapping start to take off the water. This species is of low conservation concern as its population is widespread and fairly common.
Photo Credit: Dan Kon
Author: Destiny Alvarez – Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, University of Oregon
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Banana Spider

Banana Spider AKA Golden Silk Orbweaver
The Golden Silk Orbweaver (Nephila clavipes) also known as the Banana Spider is one of the largest non-tarantula spiders in North America. It is the only species of its genus that lives in the western hemisphere and is found in Florida, across the gulf, up to North Carolina, and other southern countries in South America.
Golden Silk Orbweaver webs can measure over 3 feet in diameter and are normally created in forest clearings and can often stretch across trails. The webs trap prey, and their primary diet of this orb weaver consists of a variety of insects.
Females can reach up to an inch to an inch and a half. Their body is orange and brown with black feathery turfs on their legs. Males are distinctly different from females, they are much smaller at around a quarter of an inch in diameter, and their body is brown. Males are seen from July to September waiting for females to mature around August for a chance to mate with them. Males can be seen sitting around the female until she is ready to mate, and multiple males can occupy one web. They will fight each other to have a chance to mate with some even losing legs. Females will produce at least two egg sacks after mating. Each sack can contain hundred of eggs! The sacks can measure about a tenth of an inch and are covered in thick golden silk.
Despite their impressive size and bright color, they are not dangerous to humans. Golden Silk Orbweavers are not venomous and will only bite if they are being held. Banana Spiders can be observed year-round in Florida, though autumn is the best time to view them. If you spot them, remember to keep a safe distance and never intentionally disturb their webs. Spiders of all shapes and sizes play an important ecological role in Florida’s natural and developed areas.
Photo Credit: Andy Waldo
Author: Destiny Alvarez – Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, University of Oregon
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Tufted Titmouse

The Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor) is common in eastern deciduous forests and is a frequent visitor to feeders. They have a large head with large black eyes, thick necks, and a full compact body. They have a distinctly pointed crest and stout bill with a black patch above. Measuring about 5.5-6.3 inches with a wingspan of about 7.9-10.2 inches, they weigh about 0.6-0.9 oz. Plumage is a soft silvery gray coloration from above and a white color below, with a rusty or peach-colored wash down the flanks.
This passerine bird eats mainly insects in the summer which include caterpillars, beetles, and ants, though they also feed on seeds, nuts, and berries, including nuts and beech nuts. In fall and winter, they will hoard their shelled seeds in bark crevices. As acrobatic foragers, they often hang upside down or sideways while investigating cones, undersides of branches, and leaf clusters. They are very vocal birds and are quick to respond to the sounds of agitation in other birds, either going to investigate or joining a group of birds that are mobbing a predator.
The Tufted Titmouse nests in cavities from natural holes or old nest holes made by several woodpecker species and will also nest in artificial structures such as nest boxes, fenceposts, and metal pipes. Damp leaves, moss and grasses, and bark strips are used to create their nests. The nest is lined with soft material such as hair, fur, wool, cotton, and even sometimes plucked hairs from living mammals. Nest construction takes about 6 to 11 days. Three to nine eggs are laid in a clutch, incubation is about 12 to 14 days, and the young can leave the nest at about 15 to 16 days.
Their population is common and even increasing which makes this little bird a low conservation concern. The Tufted Titmice have gained popularity as a backyard feeder bird.
Photo Credit: Dan Kon
Author: Destiny Alvarez – Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, University of Oregon
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Bear Point Sanctuary

Bear Point Sanctuary.
Located in the Fort Pierce in the middle of Hutchinson Island in St Lucie County, Bear Point Sanctuary is a great nature escape along the shores of the Indian River Lagoon. Bear Point Sanctuary is known as the location of the last recorded Black Bear Hunt by the local Native Americans on Hutchinson Island. When was the last time you thought about Bears by the beach? It just goes to show how much has changed in Florida.
The Sanctuary and trail are part of the 317-acre Mitigation Bank managed by St. Lucie County
and the St. Lucie Mosquito Control District. A series of mangrove-lined mosquito control
impoundments are featured along the Indian River Lagoon. A more than-mile-long trail between the Indian River Lagoon and mangrove saltwater marsh is excellent for hikers, bird watchers, and bicycles. Don’t forget to kayak along the mangrove-rich shores. The trail is dotted with several small wooden docks and natural banks. Take a quick hike or bike ride down the unpaved [hard packed] dike trail west to an observation platform on the impoundments. There are two great viewing spots along Bear Point Cove: an elevated viewing platform that takes you above the mangroves and a 500-foot pier.
Wading birds including Great Egrets, Roseate Spoonbills, Wood Storks, Reddish Egrets, and Green Herons are familiar sights in the mangroves. The sanctuary is a beautiful addition to the Great Florida Birding Trail. Use the kayak launch and chance a personal encounter with manatees and sea turtles. It is a guarantee to see pelicans and dolphins in the water. If the timing is right might even find yourself in the middle of a school of mullet.
We should also make note that preservation places like The Bear Point Mitigation Bank are secured
through beneficial environmental credits that help to improve the health of the Indian River Lagoon.
Author and Photo Credit: Bobby Putnam – IOF Brevard County Lead Educator
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Lake Wales Ridge State Forest

The Lake Wales Ridge State Forest is 26,563 acres divided into several separate sections and is located a few miles off of US 27 just outside Frostproof in Polk County. Lake Wales Ridge State Forest derives its name from the narrow ridge that runs north and south through the Florida Peninsula. In ancient times, when ocean levels rose and covered nearly all of the present-day peninsula known as Florida was underwater, the ridge was an island where plants and animals continued to evolve in isolation. The ridge is the highest and oldest ridge in Florida extending about 100 miles. Today the scrub ecosystem on the ridge has a high concentration of rare and endangered plants, such as a pygmy fringe tree, scrub plum, and scrub-blazing star. Many of Florida’s rare and endangered plants and animals flourish in the forest.
The forest is managed for multiple uses, including outdoor recreation, protection of endangered and threatened species, and maintenance of natural communities.
Many lakes are accessible from Lake Wales Ridge State Forest. Lake Godwin is located in the forest on Arbuckle, and Lake Weohyakapka (Walk in Water) adjoins the forest, while Lake Reedy is located nearby.
Primitive camping is allowed at seven designated campsites along hiking trails and two primitive campgrounds on the Arbuckle and the Walk in Water tracts but make sure you make a reservation. There are restrooms, picnic tables, and several hiking options but NO electricity. Volunteers with Florida Trail Association constructed most of these trails, and if you walked all the connected loops, you’d cover 23 miles. Make sure to bring plenty of water because there is NO drinking water available.
Photo Credit: Andy Waldo
Author: Renada Hill – Student Valencia College
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